word formation

Noun---Adjective

1. foreigner--foreign
2. effect--effective
3. modest--modern (modesty)
4. rain--rainy
5. liberary--liberal (liberty)
6. history--historical
7. difficulty--difficult
8. crime --criminal
9. thirst--thirsty
10. verb --verbal
11. basis -- basic
12. possibility -- possible
13. luck -- lucky
14. ancestor -- ancesty (ancient)
15. sun -- sunny
16. fashion -- fashionable
17. miserability -- miserable (misery)
18. form -- formal
19. wealth -- wealthy
20. urban -- urbane (urbanity)

selectivity/selection -- selective

mischief -- mischiefy (mischievous)

doubt -- doubtful

idyll -- idylly (idyllic)

guilt -- guilty

hawkishy -- hawkish (hawk orhawker)

crime/criminal -- criminal

redundancy -- redundance (redundant)

optimist -- opmisty (optimistic)

paralyty -- paralytic (paralysis)

words family

Verb --- Noun

• package -- packaging/pack/package/packer/packet/packing (pack)
• oriente -- orienteering/orientation (orientate)
• dictate -- dictation/dictator/dictatorship
• discuss -- discussing (discussion)
• order -- ordering/order
• count -- counting (counter/count)
• love -- lover/love
• tolerate -- toleration
• earn -- earning (earner/earnings)
• illustrate -- illustration/illustrator
• support -- support
• teach -- teacher
• express -- expression
• create -- creation (creature/creativity)
• talk -- talk
• live -- living
• organize -- organization
• construct -- construct (construction)
• earn -- earnings/earner
• occupy -- occupy (occupant/occupation/occupier)
• object -- objection
• visit -- visitor
• paint -- pain (paint/painter/painting)
• arrive -- arrival
• prepare -- preparation
• explain -- explanation
• view -- viewer
• need -- need
• speak -- speaker
• stimulate -- stimulation
  

online exercise

Stay Slim -- Cut the Fat Not the Sugar

LONDON, Thursday May 31 (Reuters)
Paragraph 3 The ISO said sugar was given a scientific boost from a research project known as CARMEN - Carbohydrate Management in European National diets. The CARMEN study was conducted in the second half of 2000 in five European research centres. "It shows that eating sugar is not just a vital part of an active lifestyle but also a way to control body weight and cure obesity,'' the ISO said. The study was funded by the Brussels-based European Commission and the European sugar industry and the results of the study were published in the International Journal of Obesity. The European Union is concerned about the rapidly increasing costs of treating obesity-linked diseases, which now account for up to seven percent of health care expenditure in its 15 member countries.

Paragraph 4 Using overweight people as subjects and monitoring their body weight and cholesterol levels over six months, the CARMEN study examined the effects of eating less fat and consuming more simple carbohydrates, such as sugar, or complex carbohydrates, such as starch. Some 300 British, Dutch, Danish, German and Spanish volunteers were divided into three groups and given nutritionally similar diets made up of local foods. One group continued with their usual diet, containing nearly 40 percent of energy in the form of fats, which include potato chips, fried chicken and butter. A second group were given a diet with 10 percent less fatty energy, but compensated by starchy foods such as bread, potatoes and pasta. The third group was put on a diet that was 10 percent lower in fat, but with energy provided by starchy food as well as sugar and sugar-rich foods, including sweets, yoghurt and cereals.

Paragraph 5 After six months, volunteers on the starchy diet lost 0.9 kilograms (kg) and those on a diet containing starch and sugar shed 1.8 kg, whereas those on a normal fat-rich diet put on 0.80 kg. "The volunteers lost weight significantly...without a reduction in overall energy intake,'' the ISO said. Project leader, Wim Saris, Professor of Nutrition at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was more cautious saying the study provided advice on obesity and carbohydrate balance in the diets of fat people. "It stresses reducing fat intake and focusing less on sugar,'' Saris told Reuters. He said that sugar is part of the balanced daily diet providing 15 percent of total energy and as such doesn't cause obesity so people should carry on eating it. "But it's absolute nonsense to say you should increase sugar intake to control body weight,'' he stressed.


Your score is 92%.

Practise

Full title of the research:
Carbohydrate Management in European National diets
In what year did the research take place?
2000
How long did the study take?
6 months

Aims of the research:
To see what happens to the body weight and cholesterol levels of overweight people when they consume less fat and more simple or complex carbohydrates.

Note about food groups and diet:
Food Group Examples of 3 types of food
Group 1: normal fat rich diet Potato chips, fried chicken, butter
Group 2: starchy diet potatoes, pasta , bread
Group 3: ? and sugar-rich diet sweets, yogurt, cereals

Summary of the data collected in the study:
Research group Number of kgs gained or lost
Group 1: 0.80 kg
Group 2: Lost 0.9 kg
Group 3: 1.8 kg

collocation

1. Go wrong NOT turn wrong
2. Except for NOT except from /// Apart from
3. A matter of opinion NOT a point of opinion /// A point of view
4. A touch of jealousy NOT a shadow of jealousy
5. Best interest lay NOT stood/rested
6. Out of work NOT out of income
7. Draw to a close NOT approach to a close
8. Conclude with much success NOT associate with much success
9. Open to question NOT open to enquiry
10. Cater for the needs of ... NOT supply for the needs of ...

Another collocation online: Take, Have, Break

• a break -- take/have
• a leg -- break
• a headache -- have
• a window -- break
• a haircut -- have
• an exam -- take
• a seat -- take
• breakfast -- have
• the law -- break
• a holiday -- have
• a taxi -- take
• a world record -- break
• someone's heart -- break
• a bath -- have
• someone's temperature -- take
• a relationship -- have
• a look -- take/have
• a promise -- break
• a chance -- take
• a drink -- have
• the rules -- break
• notes -- take
• time -- have
• a habit -- break
• the ice -- break
• a rest -- take/have
• someone's place -- take
• the news to someone -- break
• a problem -- have

Catch，Pay，Keep

• a cold -- catch
• attention -- pay
• a pet -- keep
• a bus -- catch
• control -- keep
• the bill -- pay
• a promise -- keep
• interest -- pay
• someone's attention -- catch
• a ball -- catch
• calm -- keep
• the price -- pay
• someone's place -- keep
• by check -- pay
• a thief -- catch
• someone a vist -- pay
• a fright -- catch
• an appointment -- keep
• by surprise -- catch
• a salary -- pay
• quiet -- keep
• fire -- catch
• cash -- pay
• a secret -- keep
• a diary -- keep
• someone a compliment -- pay
• someone's eye -- catch
• a mouse -- catch
• the change -- keep
• wages -- pay

verb + -ing or infinitive

verb + -ing or infinitive and change in meaning

Remember and forget:

1. + doing something = memories of the past (the action happens before the remembering).
2. + to do something = actions someone is/was supposed to do (the remembering happens before the action).

Regret:

1. + doing = sorry about something that happened in the past.
2. + to do = inform/tell someone about bad news.

Try:

1. + doing = do something and see what happens.
2. + to do = make an effort to do something, but not necessarily succeed.

Stop:

1. + doing = end an action.
2. + to do = give the reason for stoping.

Mean:

1. + doing = one thing results in or involves another.
2. + to do = expree an intension.

Go on:

1. + doing = continue doing something.
2. + to do = move on to do something else.

Verbs of perception: (feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch)

1. + doing = part of the action, or it continues.
2. + to do = the whole action from beginning to end.

Verb + -ing or infinitive and little change in meaning(begin, continue, intend, start)

Note: two -ing forms are not usually used together.

E.G. : It was starting to get dark. (not starting getting)

like, love, prefer, hate + doing = showing your feelings.

+ to do = suggest something is a good idea.

E.G. : I like to do my tax returns realy, but I don't like doing them.

sentences from english movie

1. Outwardly, I was everything a well-brought up girl should be. Inside, I was screaming.
   外表看,我是个教养良好的小姐,骨子里,我很反叛.
2. Remember, they love money, so just pretend like you own a goldmine and you're in the club.只要你装得很有钱的样子他们就会跟你套近乎.
3. All life is a game of luck.生活本来就全靠运气.
4. I love waking up in the morning and not knowing what's going to happen, or who I'm going to meet, where I'm going to wind up.我喜欢早上起来时一切都是未知的,不知会遇见什么人,会有什么样的结局.
5. I figure life is a gift and I don't intend on wasting it. You never know what hand you're going to get dealt next. You learn to take life as it comes at you.我觉得生命是一份礼物,我不想浪费它,你不会知道下一手牌会是什么,要学会接受生活.
6. To make each day count. 要让每一天都有所值.
7. God shall wipe away all the tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more death. Neither shall there be sorrow or dying, neither shall there be any more pain, for the former world has passed away.上帝擦去他们所有的眼泪.死亡不再有,也不再有悲伤和生死离别,不再有痛苦,因往事已矣.